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        <title xml:lang="eng">Spatial Ecology of spurdog (Squalus acanthias) in a Scottish loch system.</title>
        <creator>
            <individualName>
                <givenName>Ocean Tracking Network</givenName>
                <surName>Data Centre</surName>
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            <organizationName>Ocean Tracking Network</organizationName>
            <positionName>Data Manager</positionName>
            <address>
                <deliveryPoint>Dalhousie University</deliveryPoint>
                <city>Halifax</city>
                <administrativeArea>Nova Scotia</administrativeArea>
                <postalCode>B3H 4J1</postalCode>
                <country>CA</country>
            </address>
            <phone>+1 (902) 494-4101</phone>
            <electronicMailAddress>otndc@dal.ca</electronicMailAddress>
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                <givenName>Jonathan</givenName>
                <surName>Pye</surName>
            </individualName>
            <organizationName>Ocean Tracking Network</organizationName>
            <positionName>Data Manager</positionName>
            <address>
                <country>CA</country>
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            <electronicMailAddress>jonathan.pye@dal.ca</electronicMailAddress>
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            <individualName>
                <givenName>James</givenName>
                <surName>Thorburn</surName>
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            <organizationName>University of St. Andrews</organizationName>
            <address>
                <country>GB</country>
            </address>
            <electronicMailAddress>jat21@st-andrews.ac.uk</electronicMailAddress>
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            <role>principalInvestigator</role>
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        <associatedParty>
            <individualName>
                <givenName>Lea-Anne</givenName>
                <surName>Henry</surName>
            </individualName>
            <organizationName>University of Edinburgh</organizationName>
            <address>
                <country>GB</country>
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            <electronicMailAddress>l.henry@ed.ac.uk</electronicMailAddress>
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                <surName>Neat</surName>
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                <country>GB</country>
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            <electronicMailAddress>fn@wmu.se</electronicMailAddress>
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                <country>GB</country>
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                <givenName>Jan Grimsrud</givenName>
                <surName>Davidsen</surName>
            </individualName>
            <organizationName>Norwegian University of Science and Technology</organizationName>
            <address>
                <country>NO</country>
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            <electronicMailAddress>jan.davidsen@ntnu.no</electronicMailAddress>
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        <pubDate>
            2025-11-06
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        <language>eng</language>
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            <para>This is the OBIS extraction of the Ocean Tracking Network  and University of St. Andrews (St And)  Spatial Ecology of spurdog (Squalus acanthias) in a Scottish loch system., consisting of the release tagging metadata, i.e. the location and date when the tagged animal was released, and summarized detection events of tagged individuals.
    If readers are interested in the source dataset they may also inquire with the project PIs as listed here or on the OTN web site (https://members.oceantrack.org/project?ccode=LESPUR).</para><para>Abstract:Recent anthropogenic pressures including overfishing, climate change and habitat destruction have directly caused the global extinction of several marine species including chondrichthyans (sharks, skates, rays and chimeras). Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, due to their typical ëK strategistí life history characteristics; slow growth, late age of sexual maturity, low fecundity, long life spans and well-developed offspring making them vulnerable to over exploitation and average global exploitation rates often exceed the rebound rates for many species. In many ecosystems elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) fulfil the role of top level predators, the loss of predators often risks wider ecosystem degradation and can act as a herald for marked changes within ecosystems. Therefore, improved management of elasmobranch populations is needed urgently to ensure the future stability and recovery of marine ecosystems with functional top predators. Despite the wide-ranging behaviour of some elasmobranchs, it has been shown that many species make use of the same areas repeatedly either in the form of site fidelity or residency. The incorporation of such behaviours into the management plans for mobile species may allow for strategies such as Marine Protected Areas to be used. There is evidence that spurdog (Squalus acanthias) displays seasonal residency within a Scottish loch, Loch Etive, a sea loch on the west coast of Scotland, however, the extent to which this occurs between age and sex classes occurs. This was investigated using a static acoustic array and internally implanted acoustic tags on a range of age and sex classes.</para>
        </abstract>
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            <keyword>ACOUSTIC TAGS</keyword>
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            <keyword>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION &gt; ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES &gt; FISH</keyword>
            <keywordThesaurus>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)</keywordThesaurus>
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            <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
            <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
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            <para>Access Constraints:  none
Use Constraints:
Acknowledge the use of specific records from contributing databases in the form appearing in the &apos;Citation&apos; field thereof (if any); and acknowledge the use of the OBIS facility.

For information purposes, email to info@obis.org  the full citation of any publication made (printed or electronic) that cites OBIS or any constituent part.

Recognize the limitations of data in OBIS. See https://manual.obis.org/policy.html#disclaimer for more details</para>
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        <intellectualRights>
            <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
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                <url function="information">https://members.oceantrack.org/project?ccode=LESPUR</url>
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                <geographicDescription>ARGYLL AND BUTE</geographicDescription>
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                    <eastBoundingCoordinate>-5.14</eastBoundingCoordinate>
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                    <southBoundingCoordinate>56.45</southBoundingCoordinate>
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                <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Species included below are tagged by this project and have left any embargo. Other individuals or species may later be appended to this dataset.</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
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                    <taxonRankValue>Squalus acanthias</taxonRankValue>
                    <commonName>spurdog</commonName>
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        <purpose><para>These data are for display on the OBIS portal and associated mapping programs and for download to personal computers for ad-hoc end-user analysis.</para></purpose>
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            <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>unkown</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
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                <surName>Data Centre</surName>
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            <organizationName>Ocean Tracking Network</organizationName>
            <positionName>Data Manager</positionName>
            <address>
                <deliveryPoint>Dalhousie University</deliveryPoint>
                <city>Halifax</city>
                <administrativeArea>Nova Scotia</administrativeArea>
                <postalCode>B3H 4J1</postalCode>
                <country>CA</country>
            </address>
            <phone>+1 (902) 494-4101</phone>
            <electronicMailAddress>otndc@dal.ca</electronicMailAddress>
            <onlineUrl>http://members.oceantrack.org</onlineUrl>
        </contact>
        <methods>
            <methodStep>
                <description>
                    <para>This resource was created by the Ocean Tracking Network Data Centre as a summarized representation of animal presence determined by electronic tagging efforts. Darwin Core (DwC) records were extracted from the OTN database and filtered and summarized according to international agreed-upon standards.</para>
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                    <description>
                        <para>Program started 2016-06-07 and ran until 2017-06-07</para>
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                <samplingDescription>
                    <para>Acoustic tags released.</para>
                </samplingDescription>
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            <qualityControl>
                <description>
                    <para>OTN species names are verified using the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). If species names on new data cannot be verified against (a) known valid names in OTN, and/or (b) WoRMs the Data Provider will be notified so they can check they are correct. Names that cannot be placed after checking with WoRMS are, where possible, placed on the basis of other authoritative sources, such as the Fishbase or ITIS; and once completely verified a request will be sent to WoRMS for addition of the verified species name.
http://members.oceantrack.org/data/discovery/byspecies</para>
                </description>
            </qualityControl>
        </methods>
        <project>
            <title>Spatial Ecology of spurdog (Squalus acanthias) in a Scottish loch system.</title>
            <personnel>
                <individualName>
                    <givenName>James</givenName>
                    <surName>Thorburn</surName>
                </individualName>
                <userId directory="http://orcid.org/">0000-0002-4392-1737</userId>
                <role>principalInvestigator</role>
            </personnel>
            <abstract>
                <para>Recent anthropogenic pressures including overfishing, climate change and habitat destruction have directly caused the global extinction of several marine species including chondrichthyans (sharks, skates, rays and chimeras). Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, due to their typical ëK strategistí life history characteristics; slow growth, late age of sexual maturity, low fecundity, long life spans and well-developed offspring making them vulnerable to over exploitation and average global exploitation rates often exceed the rebound rates for many species. In many ecosystems elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) fulfil the role of top level predators, the loss of predators often risks wider ecosystem degradation and can act as a herald for marked changes within ecosystems. Therefore, improved management of elasmobranch populations is needed urgently to ensure the future stability and recovery of marine ecosystems with functional top predators. Despite the wide-ranging behaviour of some elasmobranchs, it has been shown that many species make use of the same areas repeatedly either in the form of site fidelity or residency. The incorporation of such behaviours into the management plans for mobile species may allow for strategies such as Marine Protected Areas to be used. There is evidence that spurdog (Squalus acanthias) displays seasonal residency within a Scottish loch, Loch Etive, a sea loch on the west coast of Scotland, however, the extent to which this occurs between age and sex classes occurs. This was investigated using a static acoustic array and internally implanted acoustic tags on a range of age and sex classes.</para>
            </abstract>
            <funding>
                <para>OTN is a research and technology development initiative headquartered at Dalhousie University, in Halifax Nova Scotia. OTN is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and is grateful to have once received funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Social Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). OTN is also grateful for the continued support from Research Nova Scotia, and OTN&apos;s host institution, Dalhousie University.</para>
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                <description>
                    <para>A wide range of aquatic species are tagged with small electronic transmitters, surgically implanted or attached externally, which can operate for up to 20 years. Acoustic receivers arranged in line on the ocean floor as well as attached to buoys, gliders and large animals (e.g. grey seals) pick up the coded acoustic signals from these tags identifying each tagged sea creature that passes within half a kilometer of the receiver. Data collected by these listening stations are subsequently uploaded to one of many compatible data nodes, adding to the reach of an intercompatible network of networks designed and maintained by the Ocean Tracking Network, producing current and reliable records for every part of the globe. Certain classes of electronic tags and listening equipment (receivers) may also be outfitted or co-located with sensors to measure the ocean&apos;s temperature, depth, salinity, currents, chemistry, and other properties.</para>
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                <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.14286/y0wkpm">Thorburn J, Henry LA, Dodd J, Neat F. Spatial Ecology of spurdog (Squalus acanthias) in a Scottish loch system. . Accessed via the Ocean Tracking Network OBIS IPT on INSERT DATE</citation>
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                    <citation>Thorburn J, Henry LA, Dodd J, Neat F. Spatial Ecology of spurdog (Squalus acanthias) in a Scottish loch system.  In: Ocean Tracking Network Data Centre, Halifax Canada / otndc@dal.ca Retrieved: 2020-01-11 from db.load.oceantrack.org</citation>
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